不銹鋼加工-不銹鋼切削加工

不銹鋼的切削加工性比中碳鋼差得多。以普通45號鋼的切削加工性作為100%，奧氏體不銹鋼1Cr18Ni9Ti的相對切削加工性為40%；鐵素體不銹鋼1Cr28為48%；馬氏體不銹鋼2Cr13為55%。其中，以奧氏體和奧氏體+鐵素體不銹鋼的切削加工性最差。不銹鋼在切削過程中有如下幾方面特點：

Carbon steel cutting process of stainless steel in much worse than. The machinability of ordinary steel 45 as 100%, the relative cutting austenitic stainless steel 1Cr18Ni9Ti 40%; ferritic stainless steel 1Cr28 48%; martensitic stainless steel 2Cr13 55%. Among them, the austenite and austenite and ferrite stainless steel cutting of the worst. Stainless steel has the following several characteristics in the process of cutting:
1. 切削溫度高：切削時塑性變形及與刀具間的摩擦都很大，產(chǎn)生的切削熱多；加上不銹鋼的導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)約為45號鋼的大量切削熱都集中在切削區(qū)和刀—屑接觸的界面上，散熱條件差。在相同的條件下，1Cr18Ni9Ti的切削溫度比45號鋼高200℃左右。（不銹鋼加工）

1 high cutting temperature: friction and plastic deformation and cutting are great when cutting, the cutting heat; and the thermal conductivity of stainless steel is about a lot of heat cutting 45 steel are concentrated in the cutting zone and tool chip contact interface, poor cooling conditions. In the same conditions, 1Cr18Ni9Ti cutting temperature more than 45 steel high 200 ℃. (stainless steel)

2. 切削力大：不銹鋼在切削過程中塑性變形大，尤其是奧氏體不銹鋼(其伸長率超過45號鋼的1.5倍以上)，使切削力增加。同時，不銹鋼的加工硬化嚴重，熱強度高，進一步增大了切削抗力，切屑的卷曲折斷也比較困難。因此加工不銹鋼的切削力大，如車削1Cr18Ni9Ti的單位切削力為2450MPa，比45號鋼高25%。

2 big cutting force: stainless steel in the process of cutting large plastic deformation, especially in austenitic stainless steel (more than 1.5 times the elongation of 45 steel, the cutting force increase). At the same time, stainless steel hardening, high thermal strength, further increases the cutting force, cutting crimp break is also difficult. So the processing of stainless steel cutting force, such as unit cutting force in turning 1Cr18Ni9Ti into 2450MPa, more than 45 steel high 25%.

3. 切屑不易折斷、易粘結(jié)：不銹鋼的塑性、韌性都很大，車加工時切屑連綿不斷，不僅影響操作的順利進行，切屑還會擠傷已加工表面。在高溫、高壓下，不銹鋼與其他金屬的親和性強，易產(chǎn)生粘附現(xiàn)象，并形成積屑瘤，既加劇刀具磨損，又會出現(xiàn)撕扯現(xiàn)象而使已加工表面惡化。含碳量較低的馬氏體不銹鋼的這一特點更為明顯。

The 3 chip is not easy to break, easy bonding: stainless steel plastic, toughness, vehicle processing chips without stop, not only affects the operation smoothly, the chip will squeeze the machined surface. At high temperature and high pressure, stainless steel and other metal affinity strong, easy to produce adhesion phenomena, and the formation of bue, tool wear is intensified, appeared again tear phenomenon at the machined surface deterioration. The characteristics of martensitic stainless steel with low carbon content of the more obvious.

4. 加工硬化嚴重：在不銹鋼中，以奧氏體和奧氏體+鐵素體不銹鋼的加工硬化現(xiàn)象最為突出。如奧氏體不銹鋼硬化后的強度sb達1470～1960MPa，而且隨sb的提高，屈服極限ss升高；退火狀態(tài)的奧氏體不銹鋼ss不超過的σb30%～45%，而加工硬化后達85%～95%。加工硬化層的深度可達切削深度的1/3或更大；硬化層的硬度比原來的提高1.4～2.2倍。因為不銹鋼的塑性大，塑性變形時品格歪扭，強化系數(shù)很大；且奧氏體不夠穩(wěn)定，在切削應(yīng)力的作用下，部分奧氏體會轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)轳R氏體；再加上化合物雜質(zhì)在切削熱的作用下，易于分解呈彌散分布，使切削加工時產(chǎn)生硬化層。前一次進給或前一道工序所產(chǎn)生的加工硬化現(xiàn)象嚴重影響后續(xù)工序的順利進行。

4 severe work hardening: in stainless steel, austenite and austenite and ferrite in hardening stainless steel is the most prominent. Such as the strength of sb austenitic stainless steel hardened to 1470 ~ 1960MPa, and with the increase in sb, SS increased the yield limit; annealing of austenitic stainless steel SS does not exceed the σ b30% ～ 45%, whereas the work hardening up to 85% ~ 95%. The depth of hardening layer depth of cut of 1/3 or greater; hardened layer hardness than the original increase 1.4 ~ 2.2 times. Because the stainless steel and plastic, plastic deformation character crooked, enhancement coefficient greatly; and the austenite is not stable enough, the cutting forces, part austenite transforms into martensite; plus compound impurities in cutting under the action of heat, easy to decompose dispersed, so that machining hardening layer. Work hardening phenomenon generated before a feed or a procedure seriously affect the latter procedure .文章來源：（http://www.pgcsr.cn）

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