激光切割的特性簡述

1. 激光切割的切縫窄，工件變形小激光束聚焦成很小的光點(diǎn)，使焦點(diǎn)處達(dá)到很高的功率密度。

  這時(shí)光束輸入的熱量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過被材料反射、傳導(dǎo)或擴(kuò)散的部分，材料很快加熱至汽化程度，蒸發(fā)形成孔洞。隨著光束與材料相對線性移動(dòng)，使孔洞連續(xù)形成寬度很窄的切縫。切邊受熱影響很小，基本沒有工件變形。 切割過程中還添加與被切材料相適合的輔助汽體。鋼切割時(shí)利用氧作為輔助汽體與熔融金屬產(chǎn)生放熱化學(xué)反應(yīng)氧化材料，同時(shí)幫助吹走割縫內(nèi)的熔渣。切割聚丙烯一類塑料使用壓縮空氣，棉、紙等易燃材料切割使用惰性汽體。進(jìn)入噴嘴的輔助汽體還能冷卻聚焦透鏡，防止煙塵進(jìn)入透鏡座內(nèi)污染鏡片并導(dǎo)致鏡片過熱。 大多數(shù)有機(jī)與無機(jī)材料都可以用激光切割。在工業(yè)制造系統(tǒng)占有份量很重的金屬加工業(yè)，許多金屬材料，不管它是什么樣的硬度，都可以進(jìn)行無變形切割。當(dāng)然，對高反射率材料，如金、銀、銅和鋁合金，它們也是好的傳熱導(dǎo)體，因此激光切割很困難，甚至不能切割。 

  激光切割無毛刺、皺折、精度高，優(yōu)于等離子切割。對許多機(jī)電制造行業(yè)來說，由于微機(jī)程序控制的現(xiàn)代激光切割系統(tǒng)能方便切割不同形狀與尺寸的工件，它往往比沖切、模壓工藝更被優(yōu)先選用；盡管它加工速度還慢于模沖，但它沒有模具消耗，無須修理模具，還節(jié)約更換模具時(shí)間，從而節(jié)省了加工費(fèi)用，降低了生產(chǎn)成本，所以從總體上考慮是更合算的。

1 Laser cutting a narrow slit, the workpiece deformation laser beam is focused to a small spot, so the focus to achieve high power density.

  At this time far exceeds the heat input beam reflected by materials, conduction or diffusion part, the material is heated to vaporization rapidly evaporated to form holes. As the beam and the material relative linear movement, the holes are continuously formed kerf width is very narrow. Trimming heat has little effect, basically no deformation of the workpiece. The cutting process also add material to be cut to match the auxiliary vapor. Steel cutting using oxygen as an auxiliary vapor with the molten metal oxide materials exothermic chemical reaction, while helping to blow away the slag kerf. Polypropylene plastic cutting a class using compressed air, cotton, paper, flammable material cutting use of inert vapor. Auxiliary gas into the nozzle body is also cooled focusing lens, the lens holder to prevent internal contamination smoke into the lens and cause the lens to overheat. Most organic and inorganic materials can be cut with a laser. In industrial manufacturing systems occupy a heavy load of the metal processing industry, many metal materials, regardless of what it is like hardness, can be cut without distortion. Of course, high reflectivity material, such as gold, silver, copper and aluminum, which is a good heat conductor, it is very difficult to laser cutting, or even cut.

  Laser cutting burr, wrinkles, high precision, better than plasma cutting. For many mechanical and electrical manufacturing industry, as a modern microcomputer program control laser cutting system can be easily cut different shapes and sizes of the workpiece, it is more often than punching, molding process even been preferred; despite its processing speed is also slower than the punches, but it did not die consumed without repairing molds, also saving time change the mold, thus saving processing costs, reduce production costs, so in general considered to be more cost-effective.

2. 激光切割是一種高能量、密度可控性好的無接觸加工激光束聚焦后形成具有極強(qiáng)能量的很小作用點(diǎn)，把它應(yīng)用于切割有許多特點(diǎn)。

首先，激光光能轉(zhuǎn)換成驚人的熱能保持在極小的區(qū)域內(nèi)，可提供

（1）狹的直邊割縫；

（2）最小的鄰近切邊的熱影響區(qū)；

（3）極小的局部變形。

其次，激光束對工件不施加任何力，它是無接觸切割工具，這就意味著

（1）工件無機(jī)械變形；

（2）無刀具磨損，也談不上刀具的轉(zhuǎn)換問題；

（3）切割材料無須考慮它的硬度，也即激光切割能力不受被切材料的硬度影響，任何硬度的材料都可以切割。

再次，激光束可控性強(qiáng)，并有高的適應(yīng)性和柔性，因而

（1）與自動(dòng)化設(shè)備相結(jié)合很方便，容易實(shí)現(xiàn)切割過程自動(dòng)化；

（2）由于不存在對切割工件的限制，激光束具有無限的仿形切割能力；

（3）與計(jì)算機(jī)結(jié)合，可整張板排料，節(jié)省材料。

(2) Laser cutting is a high energy density, good controllability of non-contact machining laser beam is focused to form with a strong energy of a small point of action, apply it to the cutting has many features.

First, the laser light energy into striking heat kept in a very small area, the available

(1) narrow slotted straight edge;

(2) the smallest neighboring trimming of the heat affected zone;

(3) minimal local deformation.

Secondly, the laser beam on the workpiece without applying any force, it is non-contact cutting tool, which means

(A) the workpiece without mechanical deformation;

(2) No tool wear, there can be no conversion tool;

(3) cut the material without regard to its hardness, that laser cutting capacity is not being cut hardness influence of any hardness material can be cut.

Again, the laser beam is controllable, and high adaptability and flexibility, thus

(1) and the automation equipment combination is very convenient, easy cutting process automation;

(2) Because there is the cut workpiece limit, the laser beam has an unlimited copying cutting capacity;

(3) combined with the computer, you can entire board nesting material savings.

3. 激光切割具有廣泛的適應(yīng)性和靈活性與其它常規(guī)加工方法相比，激光切割具有更大的適應(yīng)性。

 首先，與其他熱切割方法相比，同樣作為熱切割過程，別的方法不能象激光束那樣作用于一個(gè)極小的區(qū)域，結(jié)果導(dǎo)致切口寬、熱影響區(qū)大和明顯的工件變形。激光能切割非金屬，而其它熱切割方法則不能。

3 Laser cutting has wide adaptability and flexibility when compared with other conventional processing methods, laser cutting with greater flexibility.

? First, compared with other thermal cutting methods, the same as the thermal cutting process, other methods such as a laser beam that does not act on a small region, resulting in slit width, the heat-affected zone Daiwa apparent deformation of the workpiece. Laser energy cutting non-metallic, and other thermal cutting methods can not.文章來源：（http://www.pgcsr.cn）

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